Repairs Before Closing
If the written agreement does not require repairs, the seller can avoid managing contractors, renovations and pre-sale improvement work.
Accepting a cash offer is the beginning of the closing process—not the end. The signed contract moves into escrow, title is reviewed, agreed property access and inspections are completed, tenant or occupancy documents are organized, seller documents are signed, the buyer funds the purchase and the transfer is recorded.
A Citrus Heights homeowner who accepts a cash offer should know exactly what happens next. The signed purchase agreement becomes the roadmap for the transaction: purchase price, deposit, inspections, contingencies, closing date, property condition, possession, costs and any other negotiated obligations.
From that point forward, the important question is no longer simply “What did the buyer offer?” It becomes: “Is everyone doing what the contract requires so this sale reaches closing?”
After you accept a cash offer on a Citrus Heights house, the typical process is to open escrow, deliver the buyer’s deposit, complete any agreed inspection or due diligence, review title, provide seller and tenant-related documents, obtain mortgage or lien payoffs, prepare closing figures, sign the transfer documents, fund the purchase and record the deed. The exact sequence and timing depend on your contract, title, occupancy and property circumstances.
A closing-process page should show more than a diagram. Sellers should be able to see evidence that the buyer has actually completed difficult transactions after an offer was accepted.
This seller’s property was tenant occupied and purchased directly as-is. The transaction closed in six days.
That makes the testimonial especially relevant to the question “What happens after I accept?” because it shows the part that ultimately matters: execution from accepted agreement through closing.
A direct cash purchase may remove conventional mortgage underwriting, lender appraisal requirements and lender funding conditions. Those are important sources of delay in many financed sales.
But cash does not eliminate the purchase agreement, escrow, title review, seller documentation, property access, payoff demands, signing, buyer funding or recording.
A well-executed cash sale can move quickly while still using escrow, title, written closing documents, verified funds and recorded transfer documents.
Every Citrus Heights transaction has its own details, but this is the practical sequence a seller can expect to see after accepting a legitimate cash offer.
The signed agreement identifies the purchase price, deposit, closing date, contingencies, property condition, possession, costs and other obligations the parties negotiated.
The executed agreement is delivered to the escrow holder so the closing file can be established and instructions, documents, funds and payoff information can begin moving through the process.
If the agreement requires an earnest-money deposit, the buyer delivers it according to the contract. A seller should distinguish between a promised deposit and one actually received by escrow.
If the buyer retained investigation or inspection rights, access is coordinated according to the agreement. A house can be sold as-is while the buyer still retains specified inspection rights.
Title work can identify the ownership of record, existing loans, recorded liens and other matters that may need to be addressed before or through closing.
Depending on the transaction, this can include identification, payoff information, disclosures, ownership documentation and available information about tenants, deposits, notices and occupancy.
Applicable mortgage balances, liens, transaction charges, prorations and credits are incorporated so the seller can see the estimated amount expected to remain at closing.
Escrow coordinates the documents required from the seller to complete the agreed sale and transfer.
“Cash buyer” still means the money has to arrive. The buyer must fund the transaction according to the agreement and escrow’s closing instructions.
When the required documents, funds and closing conditions are in place, the transfer can be recorded. Escrow then completes the appropriate disbursements, including applicable payoffs and the seller’s proceeds.
An as-is sale can dramatically reduce the amount of physical preparation required before closing. The seller may not need to renovate, replace old systems, update cosmetics or make the property retail-ready if the buyer has agreed to purchase it in its present condition.
What does not disappear is the transaction itself.
If the written agreement does not require repairs, the seller can avoid managing contractors, renovations and pre-sale improvement work.
Selling as-is does not mean ignoring applicable seller documentation, known property issues or information required by the transaction.
A buyer can purchase as-is while retaining agreed investigation rights. The contract determines which rights remain.
The seller should still understand the closing date, access, contingencies, possession, cost allocation and documentation required by the actual purchase agreement.
Not every cash buyer requires a Citrus Heights rental property to be vacant before closing. A direct buyer who knowingly evaluates the tenancy may agree to purchase the property with the occupants still in place.
Not necessarily. Whether vacancy is required depends on the contract, the actual occupancy arrangement and applicable law.
If the cash buyer has agreed to acquire the property with the existing tenant or occupant, the seller may be able to complete the sale without first going through a vacancy process solely for the buyer’s benefit.
The seller should accurately disclose the occupancy and provide the available tenant documents so the buyer understands what is being acquired.
Do not assume the tenant is leaving. Do not assume the tenant is staying. The buyer and seller should understand the agreed possession structure before the transaction reaches the final days of escrow.
The seller does not need to manufacture documents that never existed. The objective is to organize and disclose what actually exists so the buyer can evaluate the tenancy being acquired.
Provide the written agreement if one exists so the buyer can review rent, term and other occupancy provisions.
Deposit records can matter when an existing rental relationship is transferring with the property.
Existing notices can help the buyer understand the current status of the tenancy and any pending occupancy issues.
Current rent, nonpayment or another payment arrangement can materially affect how the buyer evaluates the occupied property.
When appropriate, accurate contact information can assist with access, communication and the transition after ownership changes.
If there was never a written rental agreement, tell the buyer that. Do not create or backdate documents simply to make the file appear more complete.
On a direct as-is transaction, seller preparation may have much more to do with documents and communication than remodeling the house.
For an as-is cash sale, the seller’s most important responsibilities may be accurate information, timely signatures and compliance with the contract—not painting, flooring, landscaping or remodeling.
Not if the buyer agreed to purchase the property in its present condition and the contract does not require the improvements.
A direct purchase generally does not require the same retail presentation process as a publicly marketed listing.
Not necessarily. Personal property and cleanup expectations should be expressly agreed upon with the buyer.
Not necessarily. A buyer can knowingly agree to purchase a tenant-occupied property, subject to the transaction and applicable law.
No. A legitimate cash transaction still requires a documented sale, closing instructions, transfer documents, funds and recording.
The executed purchase agreement is typically delivered promptly so the closing process, deposit, title work and seller documentation can begin.
Yes, if the purchase agreement provides inspection or investigation rights. “Cash” and “as-is” do not automatically mean “no inspection.”
Payoff information can generally be requested and applicable obligations may be addressed through the closing process depending on the transaction.
Potentially, yes. If the buyer knowingly agrees to purchase with the occupancy in place, vacancy does not necessarily have to occur solely because the property is being sold.
Signing occurs when escrow has the appropriate closing and transfer documents ready and the transaction is sufficiently prepared to move toward funding and recording.
Seller proceeds are disbursed as part of the completed closing after the required documents, funding and recording conditions have been satisfied.
Once a Citrus Heights homeowner accepts a cash offer, the focus should move away from marketing claims and toward transaction performance.
Did escrow open? Was the deposit delivered? Is title being reviewed? Were the agreed inspections completed? Were tenant and occupancy records provided? Are payoffs being obtained? Are the seller’s documents ready? Is the buyer prepared to fund?
Those milestones turn an accepted offer into a closed sale.
And when the property is being sold as-is or with tenants still in place, a properly structured direct purchase can allow the seller to concentrate on completing the transaction rather than solving every property problem before closing.
Property condition is only one part of a difficult sale. Occupancy, communication, access, repairs, utilities, timing, belongings, and the people affected by the transaction can all matter.
The Citrus Heights Butternut Drive transaction is one example. The property had been occupied by a non-paying tenant for approximately 18 months. When Darren purchased the house, it was without working electricity and air conditioning. After closing, utilities and essential conditions were addressed and a short-term rental arrangement was established with the occupant.
That is a tenant-related transaction, but the larger lesson applies beyond rental property: a difficult sale often requires understanding the entire situation rather than looking only at the physical house.
The value of this transaction is not simply that a tenant was involved. It demonstrates Darren’s willingness to evaluate properties with multiple overlapping complications rather than requiring the seller to solve every issue before a sale can be considered.
Every difficult property has a different story. Some houses need major repairs. Others involve tenants, deferred maintenance, unwanted belongings, title complications, code concerns, vacancy, inherited ownership, or simply an owner who does not want to spend additional time and money preparing the property for a traditional sale.
Darren Brown’s approach is to evaluate the property and the seller’s situation as they actually exist. That means an owner can compare a direct cash offer without first remodeling, cleaning out, making the house retail-ready, or pretending difficult issues are not there.
The transaction proof below is included for one reason: to show the type of real-world property situations Darren has personally worked through. It is not a promise that every transaction will be identical. It is documented experience that sellers can evaluate before deciding who they want to work with.
Traditional retail selling often works best when a property can be prepared, photographed, shown repeatedly, inspected, appraised, and financed without significant complications. Many Citrus Heights houses fit that model.
Others do not.
An owner may be dealing with repairs, an occupied house, accumulated belongings, an inherited property, deferred maintenance, title questions, code concerns, vacancy, vandalism, an aging rental, or another circumstance that makes conventional preparation less attractive.
A direct as-is sale provides another number and another strategy to compare. It does not automatically mean a cash offer is the best option. It means the seller can evaluate the property without first paying to transform it into a different property.
Evaluate the house as it sits, including deferred maintenance, damage, cleanup, major repairs, or outdated systems.
Consider tenants, relatives, occupants, belongings, vacancy, limited access, or other practical issues affecting the sale.
Compare net proceeds, required investment, timeline, certainty, convenience, and transaction risk—not simply the advertised sale price.
Difficult-property transactions are not always complicated because of repairs alone. In this real Sacramento-area transaction, a former tenant broke back into the property after Darren had already purchased it.
The former seller had already completed the transaction. Darren was then responsible for dealing with the unexpected access and security issue after ownership transferred.
This case is useful beyond tenant-related pages because it demonstrates what it means for a direct buyer to assume the practical risks that may remain after a difficult property closes.
Sellers evaluating an as-is buyer should consider more than the offer amount. They should also consider whether the buyer understands occupancy, belongings, access, deferred repairs, security, cleanup, title coordination, and unexpected problems.
Sellers should not have to rely only on polished marketing claims. These videos show actual Sacramento-area properties Darren purchased and worked on after closing.
See what happened after this property transferred as-is. The former owner did not have to complete this work before selling, coordinate the renovation, or prepare the house to compete for a retail buyer.
This tenant-occupied hoarder property required substantial work. The seller transferred the property without first removing everything, completing renovations, or making the house retail-ready.
Walk through an actual property with Darren and see the types of physical conditions a direct as-is cash buyer may take on after closing. A seller does not have to make a difficult house perfect before discussing a sale.
“The most important proof is not a promise that every difficult property will be easy. It is showing that the buyer has already worked through real occupancy problems, deferred maintenance, belongings, repairs, property-condition issues, and unexpected situations.”Darren Brown — Licensed California Broker and Local Cash Buyer
These images come from actual Sacramento-area transactions. They demonstrate why property owners may compare an as-is sale with spending additional money on repairs, cleanout, contractor management, and retail preparation.
A real transaction showing improvement work that became the buyer’s responsibility after the seller completed the sale.
Work completed after the purchase—not a list of projects the former owner had to finish before selling.
A real Sacramento-area property with repairs and deferred maintenance that became a candidate for a direct as-is purchase.
Safety problems and deferred maintenance can create another layer of expense when an owner is deciding whether to repair or sell the property in its present condition.
These homeowners describe their own experiences working directly with Darren through real property transactions.
A homeowner shares firsthand feedback about working with Darren during a real property sale.
Additional seller proof showing the communication, transaction process, and personal experience behind a direct sale with Darren.
Whether a property has repairs, tenants, liens, deferred maintenance, code issues, title complications, unwanted belongings, vacancy, inherited ownership, or another difficult condition, the buyer should still be independently evaluated.
Before signing an agreement, sellers can verify Darren’s licensing, professional background, business registration, veteran status, community involvement, seller experiences, and transaction history.
Darren Brown combines direct cash home buying experience with a professional California real estate brokerage background.
View Broker Documentation →Veteran-owned service centered on accountability, direct communication, follow-through, and doing what was agreed upon.
View Military Retirement Proof →Darren’s business has documentation supporting its Disabled Veteran Business Enterprise certification.
View DVBE Certification →Sellers can review the California Secretary of State filing associated with Darren’s operating business.
View State Business Filing →Review the independent Better Business Bureau profile for Darren Buys Homes Cash before accepting an offer.
View BBB Business Profile →Darren maintains a public connection to the Sacramento region’s professional and business community.
View Chamber Listing →Review additional seller feedback, property situations, and experiences involving Darren Buys Homes Cash.
Review Seller Testimonials →Examine Darren’s professional background, business identity, and supporting trust documentation in one place.
Review Professional Credentials →Use the Seller Trust Center to evaluate the company, process, transaction proof, and cash home buying experience before deciding.
Visit The Seller Trust Center →Another homeowner explains what it was like to work directly with Darren. Real seller feedback gives a property owner a better basis for evaluating the person behind the offer before making a decision.
The strongest option depends on property condition, available equity, repair costs, occupancy, title issues, timing, available cash, likely net proceeds, and how much additional work the owner wants to take on before selling.
Continued ownership may make sense when the property still fits the owner’s goals and there is enough time, money, and willingness to address the problems before reconsidering a sale.
A conventional listing may be appropriate when the owner has the resources and time to prepare the property and wants broad exposure to retail buyers.
A direct as-is sale may be worth evaluating when the owner wants a defined alternative without first making the property vacant, repaired, remodeled, cleaned out, or retail-ready.
Darren can evaluate a Citrus Heights property in its current condition and provide a direct as-is option that can be compared with keeping the house, completing repairs, resolving other property issues, or preparing for a traditional listing.
Use these local resources to compare selling options by property condition, tenant situation, ownership challenge, timing, and the type of sale you are considering.
Start with the main Citrus Heights service-area page for local selling options and property situations.
Read Citrus Heights Guide → Landlord & Tenant ProblemsA focused Citrus Heights guide for landlords dealing with missed rent while considering an as-is sale.
Read Citrus Heights Guide → Local Case StudySee a real Citrus Heights rental-property case study involving non-paying tenants and a seven-day closing.
Read Citrus Heights Guide → Tenant-Occupied PropertyReview options for selling a Citrus Heights house while a tenant is still occupying the property.
Read Citrus Heights Guide → Tenant Exit QuestionsUnderstand the selling questions that arise when a Citrus Heights tenant will not leave before a planned sale.
Read Citrus Heights Guide → Landlord Exit StrategyA Citrus Heights resource for owners comparing continued management with selling a rental property as-is.
Read Citrus Heights Guide → Remote OwnershipFor landlords who own a Citrus Heights rental from outside the area and want to compare an as-is exit.
Read Citrus Heights Guide → Rental Property SaleA broader Citrus Heights landlord resource covering a direct cash-buyer option for rental property.
Read Citrus Heights Guide → Unauthorized OccupancyExplore a Citrus Heights-specific resource for selling a house with squatters or unauthorized occupants.
Read Citrus Heights Guide → Hoarder & Heavy CleanoutFor Citrus Heights properties with extensive belongings, debris, or cleanout needs that may be sold as-is.
Read Citrus Heights Guide → Code & Property ConditionA Citrus Heights guide for owners facing code issues while evaluating an as-is sale.
Read Citrus Heights Guide → Tax ProblemsReview options when delinquent property taxes are part of a Citrus Heights home sale.
Read Citrus Heights Guide → ForeclosureA Citrus Heights resource for owners considering a sale before a foreclosure timeline advances further.
Read Citrus Heights Guide → As-Is / No RepairsCompare selling a Citrus Heights property in its present condition without completing repairs first.
Read Citrus Heights Guide → Repair DecisionA decision-focused Citrus Heights resource for weighing repair costs against selling in current condition.
Read Citrus Heights Guide → Fixer-UpperFor Citrus Heights homes with deferred maintenance, dated systems, or larger repair needs.
Read Citrus Heights Guide → As-Is Seller GuideA Citrus Heights-specific explanation of what an as-is sale can mean for repairs, preparation, and buyer expectations.
Read Citrus Heights Guide → Vacant PropertyReview a direct as-is option for an empty Citrus Heights property that may be costing money to hold.
Read Citrus Heights Guide → Inherited PropertyA Citrus Heights resource for owners evaluating the sale of an inherited house.
Read Citrus Heights Guide → Cash Sale ProcessLearn the basic Citrus Heights cash-sale process and what sellers can compare before accepting an offer.
Read Citrus Heights Guide → Closing TimelineA Citrus Heights-specific resource focused on timing, process, and what can affect a faster cash closing.
Read Citrus Heights Guide → Buyer VerificationUse this local guide when comparing cash buyers and checking experience, credibility, and the proposed transaction.
Read Citrus Heights Guide → Local As-Is Cash BuyerA Citrus Heights overview for owners comparing a direct as-is cash-buyer sale with other selling routes.
Read Citrus Heights Guide → Cash Buyer OverviewAdditional Citrus Heights information for sellers researching local cash-buyer options.
Read Citrus Heights Guide →One of the easiest ways for a seller to understand a cash transaction is to stop viewing it as one long process and separate the responsibilities of the people involved.
| Closing Area | Seller | Cash Buyer | Escrow / Title | Tenant / Occupant |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Purchase Agreement | Performs agreed seller obligations | Performs agreed buyer obligations | Uses contract to prepare closing | Generally not a party unless separately involved |
| Earnest-Money Deposit | Confirms buyer performance | Delivers deposit as required | Receives / accounts for deposit | No typical role |
| Property Access | Coordinates permitted access | Completes agreed due diligence | Usually limited role | Access may require coordination when occupied |
| Title / Payoffs | Provides loan and ownership information | Reviews transaction requirements | Reviews title and obtains applicable payoff information | No typical role |
| Tenant Information | Provides available records accurately | Evaluates occupancy being acquired | May incorporate applicable closing adjustments | May assist with communication or access |
| Closing Documents | Signs seller documents | Signs / provides required buyer documents | Coordinates closing package and instructions | Separate documentation only when applicable |
| Purchase Funds | Receives net proceeds after closing | Delivers required purchase funds | Receives, accounts for and disburses funds | No typical role |
| Possession | Follows agreed delivery terms | Accepts possession structure stated in agreement | Uses contract instructions where relevant | Occupancy may continue if transaction is structured that way |
A properly organized direct cash sale divides the work. The seller supplies information and signs what is required. The buyer performs. Escrow and title coordinate the neutral closing functions. Occupancy is handled according to the actual agreement rather than assumptions.
A signed contract matters. Actual performance matters more as the closing moves forward.
The executed agreement has been delivered and an actual closing file exists.
The buyer has completed the deposit requirement stated in the contract.
Agreed inspections or investigations are completed on schedule rather than repeatedly delayed.
Ownership, mortgages, liens and other recorded matters are being reviewed.
Seller information, payoff figures and transaction documents are moving toward finalization.
The buyer is prepared to deliver the actual cash necessary to complete the purchase.
A mortgage or lien does not automatically prevent a cash sale. What matters is whether the ownership and recorded obligations can be addressed in a way that allows the agreed transfer to close.
Escrow can obtain an applicable payoff demand so the loan can be accounted for through closing and paid from seller proceeds where required.
A recorded obligation may need to be paid, released, clarified or otherwise resolved before the title transfer can be completed as required.
If title shows another owner, trust, estate or unresolved ownership issue, additional documentation may be necessary before the seller can complete the transfer.
A newly discovered title issue can affect timing. The useful question is what documentation or resolution is actually required—not whether the property is simply labeled “difficult.”
It means the closing team needs to identify the issue, determine what is required and decide whether it can be completed within the transaction’s timing.
Some cash offers retain inspection or investigation rights. Others are structured with narrower or different contingencies. Sellers should follow the actual agreement rather than assume that “cash” means every buyer right disappeared when the contract was signed.
The seller provides access consistent with the agreement and coordinates around any occupants when necessary.
The buyer evaluates the property and completes the investigation rights it negotiated before acceptance.
The seller may not be agreeing to make repairs, but the buyer’s remaining contractual rights still need to be understood.
Applicable contingency or investigation procedures should be handled according to the written agreement as the transaction advances.
One of the most important Site 1 distinctions is that a direct buyer may evaluate the property and the occupancy together.
That may be required by a particular buyer or contract—but it is not a universal requirement for every sale.
If the buyer knowingly contracts to purchase with the occupant in place, the transaction may proceed on that basis, subject to the agreement and applicable law.
Before closing, the buyer should understand whether the property is owner occupied, tenant occupied, occupied without a written lease, vacant or subject to another occupancy arrangement.
The seller’s signing appointment should not be the first time the seller thinks about the financial or possession terms of the transaction.
Confirm that the closing figures reflect the agreed contractual purchase price and any written modifications.
Review applicable payoff amounts and other obligations being deducted or resolved through closing.
Confirm that costs are allocated consistently with the written agreement.
Review the estimated amount the seller is expected to receive after the applicable credits, debits and payoffs.
Confirm when possession transfers and whether any tenant, occupant, belongings or agreed post-closing arrangement remains.
Signing is an important milestone, but signing alone is not the same as closing. The buyer still needs to fund and the transaction must satisfy the conditions necessary for recording and disbursement.
Seller signing, buyer funding, recording and final disbursement are related milestones, but they are not necessarily the same event.
Removing mortgage underwriting can eliminate a major source of delay. It does not mean every difficult-property file can close instantly.
Missing owners, trust issues, estate matters or other title questions can require additional documentation.
Payoff demands, judgment liens or other recorded matters may need additional time to resolve.
Delays can occur when identification, payoff information, ownership documents or requested seller forms are not available promptly.
A transaction can become more complicated when the buyer and seller do not have the same understanding about who will remain after closing.
A buyer calling itself “cash” does not help the seller if the required purchase money cannot be delivered on time.
Remaining contractual rights or conditions can affect the transaction until they are handled under the agreement.
The buyer cannot control every title or seller-document issue. What a buyer can control is whether it opens escrow promptly, delivers the deposit, completes its work, communicates clearly and has the money ready when the transaction can close.
A real Citrus Heights transaction provides a useful example of what seller preparation can look like when the buyer is prepared to take on the difficult part of the property after closing.
The seller did not first turn the property into a conventional vacant listing.
Utilities and other property-condition issues remained for the buyer to address after acquisition.
The property could move through the sale without requiring the owner to repair and retail-prepare it first.
Occupant communication and property work continued after ownership transferred.
That is one of the practical reasons some owners choose an as-is direct sale. The goal is not necessarily to make every property problem disappear before closing. It can be to transfer ownership on agreed terms so the new owner takes responsibility for what comes next.
The executed purchase agreement is delivered into the closing process, typically so escrow can open the file and begin coordinating the deposit, title, seller information and other transaction requirements.
If the purchase agreement requires an earnest-money deposit, the buyer should deliver it according to the written terms.
Yes, when inspection or investigation rights are included in the agreement. As-is does not automatically mean no buyer due diligence.
Not when the buyer has agreed to purchase in the property’s current condition and the contract does not require the seller to complete repairs.
Often, yes. Applicable mortgage payoff information can be incorporated into the closing so the obligation is addressed as required.
A lien may need to be paid, released, clarified or otherwise addressed before or through closing depending on the title requirements and transaction.
Potentially. A buyer can knowingly agree to acquire a tenant-occupied property. The contract, actual tenancy and applicable law matter.
Do not invent a lease if none exists. Provide the buyer with accurate information and the tenant or occupancy records that actually exist.
Seller signing occurs when the applicable closing documents are ready and the transaction is sufficiently prepared to move toward funding and recording.
Not necessarily. Buyer funding, satisfaction of applicable closing conditions, recording and final escrow disbursement still matter.
Seller proceeds are disbursed through the completed closing process after applicable documents, funding, recording and closing conditions have been satisfied.
Title problems, liens, missing ownership documents, unclear occupancy, unresolved contract rights, seller readiness or buyer funding can all affect timing even without a mortgage lender.
After a Citrus Heights homeowner accepts a cash offer, the transaction should become increasingly concrete.
Escrow opens. The buyer deposits earnest money if required. Property review takes place. Title is examined. Mortgage and lien information is collected. Tenant or occupancy records are organized. Seller documents are prepared. The seller signs. The buyer funds. The transfer records.
Then the sale closes.
For an as-is or tenant-occupied property, the seller may not need to repair, remodel, clean out or make the property vacant first when the direct buyer has expressly agreed to acquire the property under those conditions.
The purpose of a well-structured cash sale is not to eliminate the closing process. It is to eliminate unnecessary obstacles while keeping the transaction clear, documented and executable.
Darren Brown buys Citrus Heights houses directly, including properties that may need repairs, have difficult occupancy or require a more practical closing structure than a traditional retail sale.
The property does not need to be perfect before the conversation starts. The important questions are the property, the occupancy, the title, the terms and whether a direct as-is purchase gives you a closing path that fits your situation.
This page provides general real estate information and is not legal, tax or financial advice. Closing requirements, title matters, tenant rights, possession, disclosures, deposits, contingencies and other obligations depend on the actual agreement, property and circumstances. Review your transaction documents and obtain appropriate professional advice when needed.